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Smoking boosts risk for Alzheimer'sHere's yet another reason to stop smoking: It elevates the risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, according to a new study.
An analysis of more than 20,000 men and women found a 157 percent heightened risk of Alzheimer's disease in people who had smoked more than two packs of cigarettes a day. For vascular dementia, the second most common form of dementia, these smokers had a 172 percent increased risk.
"Dementia is a disease that crops up in late life, and that becomes clinically apparent, but I think people really need to think about risk factors for it over the life course," said Rachel Whitmer, study co-author and research scientist with Kaiser Permanente Division of Research in Oakland, California.
The study, sponsored by Kaiser Permanente, is published in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
Researchers say the association between smoking and various forms of dementia is strong, but they do not know exactly why. It has been shown before that people who smoke are more likely to have hypertension and cerebral vascular disease, as well as inflammation, Whitmer said. Smoking may contribute to the damage of brain blood vessels in addition to brain cells, she said.
The data came from Kaiser Permanente Northern California members surveyed between 1978 and 1985. At that time, they were between ages 50 and 60. Diagnoses of various forms of dementia among these people were made from 1994 to 2008, and researchers took that information from electronic health records. The participants in this study were all alive and still members of the health plan in 1994.
Researchers found that associations with the development of the disease are more modest among smokers who use up fewer than two packs a day, but still significant. Those who smoked a half-pack to one pack a day had an overall 37 percent elevated risk of dementia, and those who smoked between one and two packs had a 44 percent heightened risk, compared to non-smokers.
But this could be an underestimation, because some smokers who would have developed dementia died before diagnosis, said Kenneth Hepburn, associate dean for research at the Emory University School of Nursing, who was not involved in the study.
The reported risk of dementia among heavy smokers is also likely an underestimation because many of those people will die before they're old enough to develop dementia, he said.
While the elevated risk for various forms of dementia was shown for those smoking two packs a day in midlife, smoking less than half a pack of cigarettes a day, or having smoked in the past, did not appear to raise the risk compared with nonsmokers.
Hepburn found the study compelling, and noted that it incorporated an ethnically diverse population of both men and women.
"This gives great confidence in saying this kind of heavy smoking has some kind of association – and it looks like a fairly strong association – with the development of the disease," he said.
One limitation of the study is that researchers collected data only about smoking habits among middle-aged people; it did not look at what happened among those who had quit after the initial survey, Whitmer said.
The research speaks to what the Alzheimer's Association Maintain Your Brain campaign is promoting: that brain health has a lot to do with overall health, Hepburn said.
"The brain is part of the body, it’s part of the whole and if you assault parts, it’s going to have an impact on the whole," he said.
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Margo Zargo Everyone in Europe and Latin America smokes, and they're not all dead and dying like all the smokers in the US, unless you mean Pot and that's just fine and dandy with Americans.
October 25, 2010 at 18:07 |
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NB Might be the dumbest thing I've ever read.
October 25, 2010 at 19:14 |
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Carl Yep, thats one of the dumbest things ever said. Some one needs to learn science or maybe just logic.
October 25, 2010 at 19:53 |
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Vanilla Gorilla Margo you are the classic definition of an idiot. please go back to your dish and sit down and leave the important things to adults.
October 25, 2010 at 21:32 |
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MedStudent #1 dumbest comment I've read this week, congrats!
October 25, 2010 at 21:53 |
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LN Research shows that US cigarettes have a higher percentage of toxins than European ones... American cigarette companies have to manufacture their product differently in order to export them in the EU. I'm just saying it's a probable deduction... The pot comment doesn't make sense though. I mean, really?
October 26, 2010 at 00:42 |
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Rethink Anyone who smokes has dementia already.
October 25, 2010 at 18:09 |
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Blondegeisha agreed
October 25, 2010 at 19:44 |
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Ken Whatev – not even a year ago, a study came out suggesting that smoking reduces the risk of dementia, which I believe I read about on this same website.
October 25, 2010 at 18:16 |
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GoRemote Yep, I remember that as well.......
October 25, 2010 at 18:36 |
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Lynn I remember it too. What gives???
October 25, 2010 at 19:13 |
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Lynn http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1855016?dopt=abstractplus
October 25, 2010 at 19:19 |
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MedStudent the other study was done in the netherlands. there could be some other confounding factors in either study.
Smoking is still one of, if not THE worst thing you could do to your body. That being said, one study either way isn't enough to say anything.
However it should be noted the sample size in this study was greater than the first study. They also studied VASCULAR dementia which has different etiologies from Alzheimers. All of the variables need to be analyzed when comparing the two. I think in general larger scale studies need to be conducted, and in different countries to rule out confounding variables.
October 25, 2010 at 21:58 |
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rothenbj The study you are referring to (and there has been more recent study on the subject) was about the effects of nicotine on alzheimers, not smoking. There is a big difference between the two. Smoking adds all the additional chemicals that combustion adds to the mix.
The two studies may both be accurate.
October 26, 2010 at 08:45 |
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aaron Yep, I remember, too. I'm sending CNN the bill for all those cigarettes I used as prevention.
October 26, 2010 at 09:43 |
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ledzeper Still, the majority of dementia sufferers.. never smoked.
October 25, 2010 at 18:16 |
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Lioness Agreed. It's not as if dementia suddenly appeared along with "Big Tobacco." I think it's a combination of things, including genetics, prion diseases, other diseases that affect blood flow to the brain, toxins and chemicals, and luck.
October 26, 2010 at 08:32 |
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David Fisher Dr Gupta, why does CNN link to tweets from Twitter, but you don't link to a published paper or data here? Claims like this are completely useless without peer reviewed papers behind them.
October 25, 2010 at 18:21 |
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Truth Of course, you have to be a little short-witted and weak-willed to smoke in the first place. Nothing sadder than the day you have to take the last cigarette out of grandpa's slavering mouth, so he can be hooked up permanently to an oxygen cannula to live out his last days gasping for breath. Good times, so suave and debonair.
October 25, 2010 at 18:29 |
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K Van Dijk "Dementia is a disease that crops up in late life, (...)" said Rachel Whitmer, study co-author and research scientist with Kaiser Permanente Division of Research in Oakland, California.
For the record: Dementia is not a disease but dementia is a syndrome. A syndrome in turn is an association of several clinically recognizable features or symptoms. There are several diseases that cause the dementia syndrome. One of them, and the most prevalent, is Alzheimer's disease (AD). So AD causes dementia.
October 25, 2010 at 18:29 |
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Mike I wish these researchers wouldn't overstate their case by coming up with BS statistics like this. 100% increased risk is CERTAINTY that you will get the disease. What exactly are 157% and 172% increase in risk???? That you are more than certain to get the disease???? How exactly does that happen?
October 25, 2010 at 18:47 |
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Steve Mike,
What it means is that, if there is a 157% chance, then the likelihood is 1.57, or an increase of one and a half times.
October 25, 2010 at 19:08 |
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harleyrider1978 Since 1981 there have been 148 reported studies on ETS, involving spouses, children and workplace exposure. 124 of these studies showed no significant causal relationship between second hand smoke and lung cancer. Of the 24 which showed some risk, only two had a Relative Risk Factor over 3.0 and none higher. What does this mean. To put it in perspective, Robert Temple, director of drug evaluation at the Food and Drug Administration said "My basic rule is if the relative risk isn't at least 3 or 4, forget it." The National Cancer Institute states "Relative risks of less than 2 are considered small and are usually difficult to interpret. Such increases may be due to mere chance, statistical bias, or the effect of confounding factors that are sometimes not evident." Dr. Kabat, IAQC epidemiologist states "An association is generally considered weak if the relative risk is under 3.0 and particularly when it is under 2.0, as is the case in the relationship of ETS and lung cancer. Therefore, you can see any concern of second hand smoke causing lung cancer is highly questionable." Note that the Relative Risk (RR) of lung cancer for persons drinking whole milk is 2.14 and all cancers from chlorinated water ranked at 1.25. These are higher risks than the average ETS risk. If we believe second hand smoke to be a danger for lung cancer then we should also never drink milk or chlorinated water.
October 25, 2010 at 21:13 |
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Mike BTW, I do know how they hatch the numbers, but it's using statistics for alarmist purposes to present the results this way... I am sure the researchers gave it "110%" while they were working on this study....
October 25, 2010 at 18:51 |
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rothenbj Mike, it's relative risk they are talking about. I'm familiar with a study of Swedish snus and pancreatic cancer done in Sweden. They established the risk of a never smoker getting pancreatic cancer at 4 per 100,000 people. They established the risk of Pancreatic cancer among snus users at about 8 per 100,000.
The relative risk is 2.0 or you have twice as much chance of getting pancreatic cancer as a snus user as a never smoker. As you can see, either category is a rather slim chance considering either way 99,992/100k of the populations won't get the disease. Everything you do in life has a relative risk factor and at the end they all lead to the same result.
October 26, 2010 at 09:00 |
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Samain My grandmother and uncle both have Alzheimer. Both never smoked or drank a day of their lives, so try again. This is probably just based on statistics, which doesn't prove a thing other than some smokers have Alzheimer too.
October 25, 2010 at 18:51 |
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SMAN Cometh Hereditary...?
October 25, 2010 at 20:40 |
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Samain Genetic predisposition is what one of the leading researchers has told our family. My uncles Alzheimer has progressed much faster than my grandmothers. In two years time he went from the early symptoms of Alzheimer to being Late Stage and bed ridden. He and his wife had retired a year before this started. Two weeks after retirement she died of cancer, and by the end of that first year his Alzheimer's had progressed to where he was unable to take care of himself. My grandmothers has progressed much slower, it started with her not remembering names and losing household items to where she is today, where she doesn't recognize family, and only has memories of long past. However she does have moments of clarity, where she knows what going on and who people are, her good days... She means a lot to me, and was like a mother to me... Makes me very sad that her, and my uncle are stricken with this terrible disease.
October 26, 2010 at 03:09 |
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PenguinMan Smoking anything cuts oxygen to the brain. Carbon Monoxide hijacks red blood cells, making them incapable of delivering Oxygen. In heavy smokers up to 10% of red blood cells are useless. The brain uses more Oxygen than practically the rest of your body combined, so I thinks there might a correlation there.
October 25, 2010 at 18:51 |
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S Kyle Nicotine has been shown to be an effective destabilizer of the proteins involved in the construction of the plaques that form in the brain thus causing Alzheimer's Disease. The many, many other dangerous chemicals found in cigarette smoke may surely cause cancer, heart disease and lead to an increased risk of Alzheimer's, but to use a blanket statement saying cigarettes increase your risk when clearly the nicotine in tobacco reduces your risk is just poor reporting.
October 25, 2010 at 19:03 |
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Iquit Interesting. In the 90's, researchers were saying that smoking "decreased" the risk for Alzheimer's.
October 25, 2010 at 19:19 |
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jimb302 I just read the other day how 90% of all research is wrong or fabricated...just sayin'
October 25, 2010 at 19:40 |
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mdyer I read that too.
October 25, 2010 at 23:57 |
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fajita it's 2010, who smokes?
October 25, 2010 at 19:50 |
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AGeek In NY, at > $10/pack, who can afford to?!
October 25, 2010 at 20:01 |
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Lynn Not so from my family experience. My grandma smoked 2 packs a day for 50 yrs and lived to be 97. But grandpa died at 59 from a stroke and smoked Camels. Cigarettes are a disgusting addiction, but not the cause of every disease and death.
October 25, 2010 at 20:35 |
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SMAN Cometh well, your N=2...not a very reliable sample size.
October 25, 2010 at 20:45 |
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Mary I had a neighbor that smoked salmon. Isn't that interesting? What were we talking about?
October 25, 2010 at 20:44 |
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Vaishwords I quit smoking after more than 20yrs and wrote a blog about how I finally willed myself to do it. I am not one of those born again non smokers who preaches but if reading it can help someone who is trying to quit then great, otherwise hopefully it will just be an enjoyable read…http://vaishwords.blogspot.com/2010/03/up-in-smoke.html
October 25, 2010 at 20:44 |
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MCC I have said this for YEARS!!! Everyone that I know, and knew, that had Alzheimer's was also a smoker. I KNEW there was a connection!!! Thsi needs to be a headline, not buried towards the bottom of the page. The tobacco lobby is just too powerful.
October 25, 2010 at 20:55 |
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harleyrider1978 Todays the first day run of this junk study from tobacco control............be ready it will be across the nation and overseas being played up like the gospel of jesus by wednsday...........Dr.gupta shoulda took the SG job when offered,this study he is pushing here is the same JUNK SCIENCE as the EPA report on second hand smoke and the same as the SG REPORT OF 2006.....................JUNK SCIENCE AND PROPAGANDA.Dr Gupta is pushing fraud off as fact..........time he should resign from any more mediciene and take up being a progressive reporter for obama......wait thats what he has been doing all along!!!
October 25, 2010 at 21:18 |
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harleyrider1978 They have created a fear that is based on nothing’’
World-renowned pulmonologist, president of the prestigious Research Institute Necker for the last decade, Professor Philippe Even, now retired, tells us that he’s convinced of the absence of harm from passive smoking. A shocking interview.
What do the studies on passive smoking tell us?
PHILIPPE EVEN. There are about a hundred studies on the issue. First surprise: 40% of them claim a total absence of harmful effects of passive smoking on health. The remaining 60% estimate that the cancer risk is multiplied by 0.02 for the most optimistic and by 0.15 for the more pessimistic … compared to a risk multiplied by 10 or 20 for active smoking! It is therefore negligible. Clearly, the harm is either nonexistent, or it is extremely low.
It is an indisputable scientific fact. Anti-tobacco associations report 3 000-6 000 deaths per year in France ...
I am curious to know their sources. No study has ever produced such a result.
Many experts argue that passive smoking is also responsible for cardiovascular disease and other asthma attacks. Not you?
They don’t base it on any solid scientific evidence. Take the case of cardiovascular diseases: the four main causes are obesity, high cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes. To determine whether passive smoking is an aggravating factor, there should be a study on people who have none of these four symptoms. But this was never done. Regarding chronic bronchitis, although the role of active smoking is undeniable, that of passive smoking is yet to be proven. For asthma, it is indeed a contributing factor ... but not greater than pollen!
The purpose of the ban on smoking in public places, however, was to protect non-smokers. It was thus based on nothing?
Absolutely nothing! The psychosis began with the publication of a report by the IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer, which depends on the WHO (Editor's note: World Health Organization). The report released in 2002 says it is now proven that passive smoking carries serious health risks, but without showing the evidence. Where are the data? What was the methodology? It's everything but a scientific approach. It was creating fear that is not based on anything.
Why would anti-tobacco organizations wave a threat that does not exist?
The anti-smoking campaigns and higher cigarette prices having failed, they had to find a new way to lower the number of smokers. By waving the threat of passive smoking, they found a tool that really works: social pressure. In good faith, non-smokers felt in danger and started to stand up against smokers. As a result, passive smoking has become a public health problem, paving the way for the Evin Law and the decree banning smoking in public places. The cause may be good, but I do not think it is good to legislate on a lie. And the worst part is that it does not work: since the entry into force of the decree, cigarette sales are rising again.
Why not speak up earlier?
As a civil servant, dean of the largest medical faculty in France, I was held to confidentiality. If I had deviated from official positions, I would have had to pay the consequences. Today, I am a free man.
Le Parisien
October 25, 2010 at 21:19 |
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becca Another reason to drop the smoking habit.
October 25, 2010 at 21:21 |
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Meepzorp Cool, I will be demented like our fearless leaders in Washington already are and so I will also not be responsible for any of my stupid actions either. They must all smoke (or smoking something) since they are obviously demented. Now it's all clear to me but I'm sure with my future dementia I will forget I even wrote this. Maybe I'm demented already for pointing out their obvious dementia before I am supposed to be demented. In a nutshell I really don't give a crap and will continue smoking since I will never be as demented as Washington bureaucrats are. That would be quite impossible and besides I am sure they will take care of me when I do become demented (yah right).
October 25, 2010 at 21:22 |
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Johnny Mnemonic ...and appearance of a firetrack increases the chance of fire in a neighborhood.
According to all studies.
October 25, 2010 at 21:43 |
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PTcruzer It seems like these studies are constantly flip flopping, or at least one interesting study comes out like, Smoking lowers risks of Parkinson's. The anti-smoking people can't stand something good coming out of smoking. Before you ask, yes there is a source for the Parkinson's reference, it is http://psychcentral.com/news/2010/03/12/years-smoking-may-reduce-risk-of-parkinsons/12084.html this was only one from a list of several. I am in no way supporting smoking, I am just stating a counterpoint.
October 25, 2010 at 21:50 |
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Constantine Not super groundbreaking - i think smoking causes everything
October 25, 2010 at 22:23 |
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T-bone Here is what a former tobacco company employee said to me (don't know his position) , but said : First , you go the store , you buy a pack of cigarettes , you loose your money..... You smoke the first one , you cough and think "this is cool " , then you continue smoking all the rest , coughing along the way . You buy the second pack , loose your money , then smoke all those cigarettes , coughing along the way . Then buy your third pack , loose your money , coughing along the way , but less coughing because you're burning out the protective hairs that keep out nasty stuff in your lungs . Now it get's easier , because you are addicted , you HAVE to have the cigarettes . You keep buying the cigarettes.........forever because you cannot stop . Cigarettes are designed that way , to keep you coming back . You have no hope but to keep smoking ....even though you are inhaling toxic , cancer causing garbage , but that doesn't matter , all that matters is do you have enough cig's to get you through the day . Smoking is the one thing you can do to your body that has no positive effects , and a multitude of negative effects . But you will do till the day you die .... defending it . You are the tobacco companies best employee !!!
And you start to beleve you are the "ONE" smoker who will not die of cancer or other complications caused by smoking , by then it's too late. Look at Michael Douglas , too late . Please tell me how smoking is GOOD for you ?
October 25, 2010 at 22:49 |
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Tony G I used to date a LPN who worked at a nursing home for dementia and Alzheimer ward.
Less than 5% of the patients in her ward smoked.
My father, had alzheimers before he died. NEVER smoked a day in his life.
My mother, smoked for 50 + years, she had all her wits about her when she went.
October 25, 2010 at 23:07 |
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DrVonBrain See my comment below. Dead people don't get dementia. Smokers die young.
October 26, 2010 at 01:18 |
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Loopy Cootiebrain Does it include smoking weed from a vaporizer?
October 25, 2010 at 23:44 |
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Andy Next time someone smokes near me i'm gonna slap the cig out of their face.
- A
October 26, 2010 at 01:04 |
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rothenbj Now that's the kind of attitude we're generating. The propaganda that has been spewed creates neurosis. The don'ts fear the do's and feel threatened by the sub-humans that endanger their lives. To protect themselves they first complain about the actions of the do's, then protest, then act out.
You knock that cigarette out of that smokers mouth. You may even get away with it the first or second time, but what happens when the smoker fights back? However, you feel you're superior or smarter than the smoker so you make sure that you only perform your action on people you know you can overpower. Then comes the knife or gun.
You fill in the rest of the story.
October 26, 2010 at 09:25 |
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DrVonBrain An old study came to the conclusion that smoking decreases the risk of dementia...because a lot of people with dementia were non-smokers. The study was eventually discounted as someone came to this astounding revelation: "Smokers die young. Dead people don't get dementia"
October 26, 2010 at 01:16 |
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Bob Inalong They banned smoking outside in parks and on beaches in New York a couple of weeks ago because of second hand smoke. Meanwhile, every restaurant and kabob cart in town is belching out clouds of burning meat smoke, which is five times more carcinogenic than cigarette smoke. People really need to get a grip.
October 26, 2010 at 07:27 |
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NYYFan1 Next Week's Headline – Smoking Linked to Impotency in Men...(LMAO...{:o)
October 26, 2010 at 09:54 |
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New York City SmokingNew York City has seen a decline in the number of smoke related deaths, as numbers of smokers in the city have dropped. Cardiovascular disease is down 27%, cancer is down 9%, and respiratory disease is down 12%. 
Smoking cigarettes has long been known to have detrimental effects on the body, contributing to problems such as heart disease and lung cancer. Do you need yet another reason to kick the cigarette habit? How about the 